State of the industry

The Outlook for 2022-2025
By Alan Haig, President, Haig Partners
In Haig Partners Q2 2022 Haig Report, auto retail’s leading industry report that tracks trends and their impact on dealership values, the main story was that there was still high demand for dealerships as profits remained elevated despite declining economic indicators. Buy-sell activity flourished in the first half of 2022, with 3% more dealerships sold compared to the record-setting pace of the first half of 2021. Private buying activity was up 28%, while acquisitions by publicly traded retailers had fallen 62%. The public companies acquired 23 stores in Q2 2022 YTD. Haig Partners served as the exclusive sell-side advisor to the Lehman Family in a transaction with Lithia Motors, which represented 11 of those 23 dealerships.
In the 4th quarter of 2022, conditions are beginning to evolve. Dealers believe this period of inventory shortages and elevated earnings will likely continue for the foreseeable future. However, financial statements from many dealers indicate that skyrocketing profits may have hit a plateau. Gas prices are rising again, interest rates have increased significantly, job growth is slowing, and consumer confidence is extremely weak. These are all macroeconomic factors that are beyond any dealer’s control. Dealers tell us they are seeing higher new vehicle inventory in some of their franchises and are even back to selling them at invoice. We believe that dealership profits will begin a gradual decline that will last several years as gross profit from the new vehicle department falls and costs increase. A major recession might throw this forecast out the window, but our fingers are crossed that auto retail is spared. We also believe that average dealership profits will stabilize at a higher level than pre-Pandemic times partly since OEMs will have a harder time overproducing all the EVs they intend to sell to consumers.
Conditions Will Change When Inventory Returns
Although the short to medium term looks positive for auto retail, we are encouraging dealers who want to thrive over the long-term to take specific actions now to ensure their success. Many dealers remember all the so-called threats to their business model over the years. The OEMs were going to take over sales; public companies were going to take over, and the internet would kill their businesses. But none of these have proven to be true. The number of dealers that have gone out of business because of these threats is 0.
We know that all businesses have risks, however, and we believe that smaller dealers need to start paying attention to those posed by large consolidators over the next decade. Auto retail has consolidated at a slower pace than any other major retail categories, not because of a lack of capital or consolidators, but because smaller operators have been able to compete effectively against large groups for a number of reasons. Economies of scale have been more limited than in other industries, smaller retailers have been able to attract top talent, and OEMs tend to resist public companies. Consumers had few reasons to purchase from a national firm vs. a local one.
But the Pandemic and evolving technologies have changed things in our country, and dealers will need to evolve significantly to thrive in this new era. Online shopping (digital retailing) has raised the bar of consumer expectations regarding selection and convenience. And there is a new generation of shoppers who prefer interacting with their phones or computers rather than with live human beings. Forward-thinking auto retailers are responding and giving the customers what they want: a huge selection of new and used vehicles, a fair price, and a convenient way to buy.
Take a few minutes to go online and look at Carvana’s or CarMax’s websites. They offer consumers a huge selection of vehicles with a simple one-price sales process. F&I is also online. Franchised retailers are also moving in this direction. Lithia Motors, now the largest auto retailer, has announced its plan to acquire enough dealerships so that they will be located within 100 miles of every consumer in the US, then they plan on using their Driveway app/website to sell new and used vehicles and offer service to customers located in every market of the country. Lithia will be the first truly national franchised auto retailer. These three retailers currently offer a much bigger inventory selection than smaller dealers. And their websites and apps provide a world-class shopping experience that is increasingly essential for consumers of all ages, particularly the upcoming generation.
Today, when inventory is so limited, most dealers are spending little time competing for consumers. If you have it (inventory), they will come! In these conditions, scale and technology have few advantages, and almost every dealer is holding onto market share in a highly profitable manner. But in several years, when new vehicles are plentiful again, it will be increasingly important to be able to attract eyeballs, and larger groups will have bigger ad and digital marketing budgets than smaller retailers. Their dealerships and vehicles will show up first when consumers look online for their transportation needs. And when consumers arrive at their websites or applications, larger dealer groups will have an excellent chance of converting them from shoppers to buyers by giving them what they want: big selection, ease of shopping, and fair prices. Those retailers who can best satisfy customers by offering them more of everything will take market share from those that offer less. Here is where scale will finally matter in auto retail. Stronger brands, more effective advertising, better selection, and an easier purchase process will enable larger groups to take market share and profits from smaller ones. And the advantage won’t be limited to vehicle sales. Better marketing and technology will also allow larger retailers to fill their service departments.
What Can Dealers Do to Secure Their Future?
The good news is that there is still plenty of time for small retailers to increase their competitive strengths. By our estimates, a dealership group that owns ten or more different franchises can offer just about all of the selection and technologies as a national group. For all the talk about consolidation, the Top 10 Groups still have less than 10 percent market share. They don’t yet dominate the landscape. But the bad news is that the average dealer owns just two stores. They will need to acquire eight or more dealerships of different brands in their local market (not spread across numerous towns or states). Dealership groups with ten or more stores located near each other will have several key advantages over national consolidators in almost every market in the country.
- Large local or regional dealership groups can build an automotive brand that is better known than a national retailer since they are likely to have more dealerships in that market than national consolidators.
- Large local groups will likely be able to offer more vehicles to consumers for purchase locally than national firms since they will have more dealerships in that market.
- Strong local groups should have an advantage in recruiting the top talent in an area. Most future hires are looking for the best option to build their income while staying in their hometowns, not signing up to join a national company that might want them to relocate to another city or state for a promotion.
- Many OEMs prefer to work with dealers/ entrepreneurs vs. national firms for various reasons.


In other words, LOCAL SCALE > NATIONAL SCALE!
Our suggestion of growing to ten or more stores is based on the following logic. A dealer that offers many brands has the opportunity to attract almost every customer in that market. The ten biggest franchises are selling about 75 percent of the new units in the US today. With ten locations in the same market, a retailer should be able to offer around 2,000 new and used units for sale. In a larger market, a group might need 20-plus stores to be relevant since there will be a lot more competition. There are some notable exceptions to our Local Scale > National Scale formula. If you own a Porsche dealership anywhere in the US or a Toyota store in any single point market, you will likely enjoy a comfortable level of success for decades.
Growth requires capital, desire, and expertise. The good news is that plenty of capital is available for dealers who want to grow. Dealers have never been more profitable, so they have built up substantial strength on their personal and dealership balance sheets. Banks and many captive lenders will typically provide around 50 percent of the purchase price of a dealership acquisition, and they are actively courting growing companies. And if these funds are not adequate, a number of investment firms are willing to partner with talented operators to help them with additional equity capital. We are even seeing situations where two dealer groups are considering merging to create a single, more powerful group. We believe it’s possible for almost any group to acquire one or two dealerships per year. Over a decade, the average dealer today can build a powerful group capable of competing against any challengers.
We know of numerous powerful family-owned dealership groups around the US that are excellent examples of what we are recommending. They are well-positioned for the future. But the dealers who stay with just one or two dealerships may find it increasingly difficult to compete for customers and employees. Their performance could decline, which will reduce both their annual profits and erode blue sky value.

The Secret Sauce
Along with this growth strategy, talent can be the secret sauce for smaller to mid-sized dealers. One leading dealer we know has developed a training program for future leaders. He recruits at local colleges and then rotates these trainees through various departments at different dealerships in six to twelve-month stints. After several years, these recruits are ready for management positions. After a decade, they might be ready to assume leadership of a small store, and eventually, they could run a large store. By creating a compelling career track for smart and motivated young people, this dealer is grooming the best talent in the market. If a local dealer can offer a wide selection of vehicles via a customer-friendly selling process and have the best talent, there will be little that can stop his or her success.
More Empire Builders and Fewer Caretakers
We will always bet on the success of entrepreneurs in auto retail, but like entrepreneurs in every industry, they will have to evolve! Because of the need to get bigger or get out, we predict there will be more empire builders and fewer caretakers in our industry over time. Families may need to decide which path is best for them over the next few years: doubling down or exiting.
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3 DEALER PRINCIPAL